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What is cystitis?
Cystitis is inflammation caused by bacterial infection of the bladder, where urine produced by the kidneys is stored.
Bacteria multiply abnormally in the bladder, causing a range of symptoms.
Causes of cystitis
Over 80% of cystitis cases are caused by E. coli.
Other causes include enterococci, staphylococci and bacilli. Cystitis most often occurs when bacteria travel up the urethra to the bladder.
Cystitis occurs more often in women than in men. This is because the female urethra is shorter, and because the anus, which carries many intestinal bacteria, and the vaginal opening, where bacteria grow easily, are close to the urethra, so bacteria can travel to the bladder more easily.
Symptoms of cystitis
Because the bladder stores and empties urine, the symptoms of cystitis mainly involve urination.
- 1
- Pain or burning on urination (dysuria)
- 2
- A strong, sudden urge to urinate that cannot be held back (urinary urgency)
- 3
- Small amounts of urine but a frequent urge (frequency)
- 4
- Urination does not feel complete, with a sense of urine remaining (residual urine)
- 5
- Blood-tinged urine (hematuria)
- 6
- Cloudy urine with a foul smell (turbid urine)
- 7
- Pain or discomfort above the pubic bone (mons pubis) (lower abdominal pain)
A characteristic of cystitis is that, although it is an infection, systemic symptoms such as fever and chills do not appear.
If cystitis symptoms are accompanied by systemic signs such as fever and chills along with flank pain, acute pyelonephritis should be suspected.
Treatment of cystitis
Antibiotics are effective in treating cystitis, and It is important to take the prescribed antibiotics to completion.
Cystitis is a common condition, but if left untreated it can progress to a serious disease such as pyelonephritis, so consult a specialist.